A pioneer in the field of telecommunications, Alexander Graham Bell was born into a family with a passion for communication. on March 3 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was educated at the Edinburgh high school and Edinburgh University, receiving special training in his father's system for removing impediments in speech. He only attended school for five years; from the time he was ten until he was fourteen, but he never stopped learning. He read the books in his grandfather's library and studied tutorials. Upon leaving school, Bell travelled to London to live with his grandfather, Alexander Bell.
Young Aleck surmised that his mother would be able to "hear" him through the vibrations his vocal intonations would make. This early insight would prove significant as Alexander Graham Bell went on to develop more elaborate theories regarding the characteristics of sound waves.
When Bell began experimenting with electrical signals, the telegraph had been an established means of communication for some 30 years. Although a highly successful system, the telegraph, with its dot-and-dash Morse code, was basically limited to receiving and sending one message at a time. Bell's extensive knowledge of the nature of sound and his understanding of music enabled him to conjecture the possibility of transmitting multiple messages over the same wire at the same time. Although the idea of a multiple telegraph had been in existence for some time, Bell offered his own musical or harmonic approach as a possible practical solution. His "harmonic telegraph" was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the notes or signals differed in pitch.
Bell's ideas about transmitting speech electrically came into sharper focus during his days in Boston. As he read extensively on physics and devotedly attended lectures on science and technology. Drawing parallels between multiple message and multiple notes in a musical chord, Bell arrived at his idea of the "harmonic telegraph." From this idea sprang the invention that made him immortal among inventors--the telephone.
The chance meeting between Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams was one of the most fortuitous in technological history. Thomas Watson became an associate of Bell. He made parts and built models of Bell's inventions. One day while they were working Bell accidently heard the sound of a plucked reed coming over the telegraph wire. Watson had been tuning the metal reeds in the next room. Bell drew up a plan for the telephone and they continued to experiment. The next day he transmitted the famous words, "Mr. Watson, come here. I want you!" A few months later on Feb. 14, 1876, he applied for a patent on his telephone.
The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by the 18 patents granted in his name alone and the 12 he shared with his collaborators. These included 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for hydroairplanes, and two for a selenium cell. On 14 February 1876, Elisha Gray filed a patent caveat for a telephone on the very same day in 1876 as did Bell's lawyer. The water transmitter described in Gray's caveat was strikingly similar to Bell's telephone transmitter, a fact which raised questions about whether Bell was inspired by Gray's design or vice versa.
Bell is also credited with the invention of the metal detector in 1881. The device was quickly put together in an attempt to find the bullet in the body of U.S. President James Garfield.
- He showed the invention to Queen Victoria of England and she wanted lines to connect her castles.
- By 1917, nearly all of the United State had telephone service.
- 1883 Bell invented the graphophone, the first practical system of sound recording.
- 1878, Rutherford B. Hayes was the first US president to have a telephone installed in the White House. The president's first words were said to have been, "Please speak more slowly."
- 1940 the US Post Office issued a commemorative stamp honoring Bell in its 'Famous Americans Series'.
- of Canada honored Bell in 1997 with a $100CAD gold coin, in tribute also to the 150th anniversary of his birth, and with a silver dollar coin in 2009 to honor of the 100th anniversary of flight in Canada.
- Bell was also ranked 57th among the 100 Greatest Britons (2002) in an official BBC nationwide poll and among the Top Ten Greatest Canadians (2004), and the 100 Greatest Americans (2005)
- was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history after having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame In 2006.
0 comments:
Post a Comment
If you like this post so please tell me Ill waiting for.......